Sepia-toned illustration of José Rizal alongside Spanish architecture and a 19th-century steam train, symbolizing his travels and intellectual journey through Spain. Sepia-toned illustration of José Rizal alongside Spanish architecture and a 19th-century steam train, symbolizing his travels and intellectual journey through Spain.

Rizal’s Studies Abroad and Formative Years

A vintage black-and-white portrait of Josephine Bracken from Wenceslao Retana’s Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, showing her with a composed expression and period attire. A vintage black-and-white portrait of Josephine Bracken from Wenceslao Retana’s Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal, showing her with a composed expression and period attire.

Josephine Bracken: The Woman Who Shared Rizal’s Final Chapter

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